Title |
Opium Use and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study
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Published in |
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, March 2018
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DOI | 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0592 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Shirin Moossavi, Mehdi Mohamadnejad, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Farhad Islami, Maryam Sharafkhah, Babak Mirminachi, Siavosh Nasseri-Moghaddam, Shahryar Semnani, Ramin Shakeri, Arash Etemadi, Shahin Merat, Masoud Khoshnia, Sanford M. Dawsey, Paul D. Pharoah, Paul Brennan, Christian C. Abnet, Paolo Boffetta, Farin Kamangar, Reza Malekzadeh |
Abstract |
We examined the association between opium consumption and pancreatic cancer incidence in a large-scale prospective cohort of the general population in Northeast of Iran. A total of 50,045 adults were systematically followed-up (median of 7.4 years) and incident cases of pancreatic cancer were identified. Self-reported data on opium consumption was collected at baseline. Cumulative use (-year) was defined as number of nokhods (a local unit, approximately 0.2 g) of opium consumed per day multiplied by number of years consuming. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between opium consumption and pancreatic cancer were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Overall, 54 confirmed cases of pancreatic cancer were identified. Opium use of more than 81 nokhod-years (high cumulative use), compared to never use, was strongly associated with pancreatic cancer even after adjustments for multiple potential confounding factors [HR=3.01; 95% CI 1.25-7.26]. High cumulative consumption of opium was significantly associated with risk of pancreatic cancer after adjusting for cumulative dose of cigarette smoking [HR=3.56; 95% CI 1.49-8.50]. In a sensitivity analysis, we excluded participants (including 2 pancreatic cancer cases) who were recruited within the first 5 years of starting opium consumption; high cumulative use of opium was still associated with pancreatic cancer risk [HR=2.75; 95% CI 1.14-6.64]. Our results showed a positive association between opium consumption and pancreatic cancer. This is the first prospective large-scale study to show the association of opium consumption with pancreatic cancer as a risk factor. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 4 | 50% |
Canada | 1 | 13% |
Unknown | 3 | 38% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 7 | 88% |
Scientists | 1 | 13% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 39 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 15% |
Researcher | 5 | 13% |
Professor | 5 | 13% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 4 | 10% |
Other | 3 | 8% |
Other | 4 | 10% |
Unknown | 12 | 31% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 9 | 23% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 3 | 8% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 2 | 5% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 2 | 5% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 5% |
Other | 5 | 13% |
Unknown | 16 | 41% |